Jesse E. Otero, MD, PhD

• Stanford University - Bachelors in Science in Biology 
• Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine – MD, PhD
• University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics – Residency in Orthopedic Surgery
  
• OrthoCarolina, Adult Hip & Knee Reconstruction - Fellowship

SPECIALTIES INCLUDE:

• Anterior hip replacement
• Total hip arthroplasty
• Total knee arthroplasty
• Partial knee replacement
• Revision total hip arthroplasty
• Conversion total hip arthroplasty
• Robotic-assisted total knee and partial knee replacement
• Complex hip and knee joint reconstruction
• Hip and knee prosthetic joint infection

PROFESSIONAL AFFILIATIONS

• American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Resident Member
• American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons Arthroplasty Surgeon in Training
• Reviewer - Journal of Arthroplasty
• Reviewer – Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery
• Reviewer – Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery Reviews
• Member AAHKS Research Committee – 2017- Present

TEACHING AND LEADERSHIP

• Teaching Assistant Washington University Medical School Curriculum - Anatomy 2006
• University of Iowa Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Core Basic Curriculum – July, 2011-June, 2016
• Member of Hospital Subcommittee on Infection Control, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics 2012-2013
• American Orthopaedic Association Resident Leadership Forum, 2015
• Panelist - "Tips for the Orthopaedic Fellowship Match" webinar hosted by the AAOS Board of Specialty Societies (BOS) Fellowship Match Oversight Committee on Thursday, August 20^th, 2015
• Implementation of rapid recovery protocol for Total Joint Arthroplasty Service at Veterans Administration Hospital, Iowa City, IA 12/28/15
• Residency Screening Committee – University of Iowa Department of Orthopaedic Surgery 2016 – present 
• Resident Research Committee – University of Iowa Department of Orthopaedic Surgery 2017 – present 
• Department Diversity Committee – University of Iowa Department of Orthopaedic Surgery 2018 – present 

CONFERENCE PUBLICATIONS

1. J.E. Otero, M. Alhawagri, S. Dai, J. Vacher, M. Pasparakis, Y. Abu-Amer. Mice with a Myeloid Lineage-Specific Deletion of IKKβ Demonstrate Both in vivo and in vitro Defects in Osteoclastogenesis. Abstract Presented as Podium Presentation at ASBMR 2007 Annual Meeting – American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
2. J.E. Otero, Y. Zhang, M. Kuzeiz, S. Dai, Y. Abu-Amer. The Ubiquitin-Like Domain of IKKβ is Critical for Osteoclastogenesis. Abstract presented as Poster at ASBMR 2008 Annual Meeting
3. J.E. Otero, M. Alhawagri, K. Lai, I. Darwech, Y. Abu-Amer. Constitutive Activation of IKKβ is Sufficient for RANK-Independent Osteoclast Differentiation and Osteolysis. Abstract Presented as Podium Presentation at ASBMR 2009 Annual Meeting.
4. Otero JE, Gottesman GS, McAlister WH, Mumm S, Madson KL, Whyte MP.Severe Skeletal Toxicity from Protracted Etidronate Therapy for Generalized Arterial Calcification of Infancy (GACI). Abstracted presented as poster at the 2011 Annual Conference of the American Society for Bone and Research in San Diego, California, USA on September 16-20, 2011
5. Otero JE, Gottesman GS, McAlister WH, Mumm S, Madson KL, Whyte MP.Generalized arterial calcification of infancy: severe skeletal toxicity from prolonged etidronate therapy. Abstract presented as poster at the 50th Annual Meeting of the European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology (ESPE), September 25-28, 2011, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom.
6. Yang JS, Otero JE, McAndrew CM, Ricci WM, Gardner MJ. Tibia Nonunion Prediction: Is It Possible? Abstract presented on podium at the 2011 27^th Annual Meeting for the Orthopaedic Trauma Association, October 14^th 11:55AM 2011. San Antonio, Texas, USA.
7. Christopher Graves, MD; Jesse Otero, MD PhD; Melissa Willenborg, MD; Yubo Gao, PhD; Steve Liu, MD; Richard Johnston, MD; John Callaghan, MD. Are Patient Reported Allergies a Risk Factor for Poor Outcomes in Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty? Accepted as Podium Presentation at AAHKS Annual Meeting 2014
8. Jesse E. Otero MD PhD, Jeff W. Stevens PhD, Allison E. Malandra DVM, Douglas C. Fredericks MS, Jose Morcuende MD PhD. OSTEOCLASTS ARE REQUIRED FOR CHONDROSARCOMA GROWTH IN BONE. Accepted as a POSTER PRESENTATION during the CTOS 18th Annual Meeting, October 30- November 2, 2013 at the Sheraton New York Times Square, New York, NY.
9. Otero JE., Graves CM, TeKippe A, Buckwalter JA, Miller BJ. Factors Affecting Outcomes in Patients Treated Surgically for Upper Extremity Tumors and Tumor-like Lesions. Abstract accepted for podium presentation at the 32^nd Annual Meeting of the Mid-America Orthopaedic Association, San Antonio, Texas April 23-27, 2014.
10. C. Graves, J Otero, M Willenborg, Y Gao, S Liu, D Goetz, R Johnston, J Callaghan.  Are Patient Reported Allergies A Risk Factor For Poor Outcomes in Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty? Abstract accepted for podium presentation at the 32^nd Annual Meeting of the Mid-America Orthopaedic Association, San Antonio, Texas April 23-27, 2014.
11. C. Graves, J Otero, Y Gao, M Bollier.  Patterns of Injury among Collegiate Wrestlers at an Elite Division I NCAA Wrestling Program: Abstract accepted for poster presentation at the 32^nd Annual Meeting of the Mid-America Orthopaedic Association, San Antonio, Texas April 23-27, 2014.
12. Otero JE, Bing X, Sutterwala FS, Cassel SL, Bassuk AG, Abu-Amer Y, Ferguson PJ. IL-1 Receptor Type 1 Deficiency in Mice with Chronic Multifocal Osteomyelitis Reveals Targets for Osteolysis. Poster presentation at the 2014 AAOS Annual Meeting, March 11-15 at the Morial Convention Center in New Orleans, Louisiana.
13. Jesse E. Otero MD PhD, Jeff W. Stevens PhD, Allison E. Malandra DVM, Douglas C. Fredericks MS, Jose Morcuende MD PhD. A Crucial Role For Osteoclasts In The Microenvironment Of Chondrosarcoma. Poster presentation at the 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society 60^th Annual Meeting March 15 - 18, 2014 at the Hyatt Regency, New Orleans, Louisiana
14. Otero JE, Bing X, Sutterwala FS, Cassel SL, Bassuk AG, Abu-Amer Y, Ferguson PJ. The IL-1 Type 1 Receptor is Required for Autoinflammatory Osteolysis but not Osteoclastogenesis in Mice with Chronic Multifocal Osteomyelitis (CMO). Poster presentation at the 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society 60^th Annual Meeting March 15 - 18, 2014 at the Hyatt Regency, New Orleans, Louisiana
15. Jesse E. Otero MD PhD, Jeff W. Stevens PhD, Allison E. Malandra DVM, Douglas C. Fredericks MS, Jose Morcuende MD PhD. Osteoclast inhibition impairs growth of chondrosarcoma in bone and prevents tumor-mediated bone loss. Podium Presentation at the 2014 Musculoskeletal Tumor Society Annual Meeting. October 9-11, 2014 Omni Houston Hotel, Houston, Texas
16. Jesse E. Otero MD PhD, Jeff W. Stevens PhD, Allison E. Malandra DVM, Douglas C. Fredericks MS, Jose Morcuende MD PhD.Osteoclast Inhibition Prevents Chondrosarcoma-mediated Bone Loss and Impairs Growth of the Tumor in Bone. Selected for Podium Presentation at the 2015 AAOS Annual Meeting, March 24-28. Venetian/ Sands, Las Vegas, Nevada.
17. Jesse E. Otero, Andrew J. Pugely, Yubo Gao, Nicholas A. Bedard, Christopher T. Martin, John J. Callaghan. Short Stay Total Joint Replacement: Any Difference Between Day 0 and Day 1 Discharge? Abstract accepted for poster presentation at the 2015 Annual Meeting of the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons, Dallas, TX
18. Jesse E. Otero, Andrew J. Pugely, Yubo Gao, Nicholas A. Bedard, Christopher T. Martin, John J. Callaghan. Outpatient Total Joint Replacement: Is It Safe? Evaluation of Complications and Readmission Rates. Abstract accepted for poster presentation at the 2015 Annual Meeting of the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons, Dallas, TX
19. Jesse E. Otero, Andrew J. Pugely, Yubo Gao, Nicholas A. Bedard, Christopher T. Martin, John J. Callaghan. Short Stay Total Joint Replacement: Any Difference Between Day 0 and Day 1 Discharge? Abstract selected for podium presentation at the 2016 AAOS Annual Meeting, March 1-5 Orlando Florida
20. Jesse E. Otero, Andrew J. Pugely, Yubo Gao, Nicholas A. Bedard, Christopher T. Martin, John J. Callaghan. Outpatient Total Joint Replacement: Is It Safe? Evaluation of Complications and Readmission Rates. Abstract selected for podium presentation at the 2016 AAOS Annual Meeting, March 1-5 Orlando Florida
21. Nicholas Bedard, MD, Andrew Pugely, MD, Jacob Elkins, MD, PhD, Kyle Duchman, Jesse Otero, MD, PhD, Yubo Gao, PhD, John Callaghan, MD. Are Rates Of Blood Utilization Decreasing Following Primary THA? A Look At 2008-2014. Abstract accepted for poster presentation at the 2016 Annual Meeting for the Orthopaedic Research Society. March 5-8, 2018, Disney’s Coronado Springs Resort, Orlando, Florida.
22. Nicholas Bedard, MD, Andrew Pugely, MD, Jacob Elkins, MD, PhD, Kyle Duchman, Jesse Otero, MD, PhD, Yubo Gao, PhD, John Callaghan, MD. Are Rates Of Blood Utilization Decreasing Following Primary TKA? A Look At 2008-2014. Abstract accepted for poster presentation at the 2016 Annual Meeting for the Orthopaedic Research Society. March 5-8, 2018, Disney’s Coronado Springs Resort, Orlando, Florida.
23. Jesse E. Otero, Christopher M. Graves, Tyler S. Olson, Christopher C. Dickenson, Rhonda J. Chalus, David A. Vittetoe, Devon D. Goetz, John J. Callaghan. Patient-Reported Allergies: Do the Numbers Affect Outcomes Following Primary Hip and Knee Arthroplasty. Abstract accepted for poster presentation at the 2016 Annual Meeting for the Orthopaedic Research Society. March 5-8, 2018, Disney’s Coronado Springs Resort, Orlando, Florida.
24. Jesse E. Otero, Andrew J. Pugely, Yubo Gao, Nicholas A. Bedard, Christopher T. Martin, John J. Callaghan. Outpatient Total Joint Replacement: Is It Safe? Evaluation of Complications and Readmission Rates. Abstract accepted for poster presentation at the 2016 Annual Meeting for the Orthopaedic Research Society. March 5-8, 2018, Disney’s Coronado Springs Resort, Orlando, Florida.
25. Tyler S. Olson, Jesse E. Otero, Christopher M. Graves, Christopher C. Dickenson, Rhonda J. Chalus, David A. Vittetoe, Devon D. Goetz, John J. Callaghan. Patient-Reported Allergies: Do the Numbers Affect Outcomes Following Primary Hip and Knee Arthroplasty. Accepted for podium presentation at the 33^rd Annual Meeting of the Mid-America Orthopaedic Association. Bonita Springs, FL, April 13-17, 2016.
26. Jesse E. Otero, Andrew J. Pugely, Yubo Gao, Nicholas A. Bedard, Christopher T. Martin, John J. Callaghan. Outpatient Total Joint Replacement: Is It Safe? Evaluation of Complications and Readmission Rates. Accepted for podium presentation at the 33^rd Annual Meeting of the Mid-America Orthopaedic Association. Bonita Springs, FL, April 13-17, 2016.
27. Jesse E. Otero, Rory W. Metcalf, Emily B. Petersen, Nicole A. D. Watson, Douglas C. Fredericks, Michael C. Willey. The Effect of Timing of Aminobisphosphonate Therapy on Fracture Healing: A Rabbit Osteoporosis Model. Accepted for podium presentation at the Basic Science Focus Forum of the Orthopaedic Trauma Association Annual Meeting 2016, National Harbor, Maryland, October 5-6, 2016.
28. Jesse E. Otero, Andrew J. Pugely, Nicholas A. Bedard, Christopher T. Martin, Yubo Gao, John J. Callaghan. Short Stay Total Joint Replacement: Any Difference Between Day 0 and Day 1 Discharge? Abstract selected for poster presentation at the 2016 AOA Annual Meeting, Seattle, WA, June 21-25
29. Jesse E. Otero, John J. Callaghan, Christopher M. Graves, Tyler S. Olson, Christopher C. Dickenson, Rhonda J. Chalus, David A. Vittetoe, Devon D. Goetz. Patient-Reported Allergies: Do the Numbers Affect Outcomes Following Primary Hip and Knee Arthroplasty. Accepted for Podium Presentation at The American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons Annual Meeting. Dallas, TX. November 10-13, 2016.
30. Jesse E. Otero, Keith A. Fehring, Ryan Martin, Thomas K. Fehring. Are External Alignment Jigs Making us Miss the Mark in Total Hip Arthroplasty? Abstract selected for podium presentation at the 2018 AAOS Annual Meeting, March 1-5 New Orleans, Louisianna
31. Jesse Otero MD, Kyle Duchman MD, Nicholas Bedard MD, James Gholson MD, Yubo Gao PhD, John Callaghan MD. Short-term Morbidity and Readmissions are Increased with Skilled Nursing Facility Discharge Following TJA. Abstract selected for podium presentation at the 2018 AAOS Annual Meeting, March 1-5 New Orleans, Louisianna
32. J. Joseph Gholson; Kyle Duchman; Jesse Otero; Andrew Pugely; Yubo Gao; John J. Callaghan Navigated Total Hip Arthroplasty: Early Complications, Utilization, and Patient Demographics Selected for Podium Presentation at the ORS 2018 Annual Meeting at the Hyatt Regency New Orleans in New Orleans, Louisiana, March 10-13.
33. Jocelyn Compton; Jayson Clinger; Ericka Lawler; Jesse Otero; Patrick O'Shaughnessy. Masks for the Reduction of Methyl Methacrylate Vapor Inhalation During Total Joint Arthroplasty. Abstract selected as a poster presentation at the 2019 ORS Annual Meeting, February 2-5. Austin Convention Center, Austin, Texas.
34. Jesse E. Otero, J. Ryan Martin, J. Bohannon Mason. Extensive Proximal Femoral Bone Loss – Are Modular Fluted Femoral Stems the Answer? Abstract selected for podium presentation at the 2019 AAOS Annual Meeting, March 12-16 Las Vegas Nevada

PEER REVIEWED PUBLICATIONS

1. Otero JE, Fehring KA, Martin JR, Odum SM, Fehring TK. Variability of Pelvic Orientation in the Lateral Decubitus Position: Are External Alignment Guides Trustworthy? Accepted J. Arhtroplasty 2018.
2. Bedard NA, Pugely AJ, McHugh M, Lux N, Otero JE, Bozic KJ, Gao Y, Callaghan JJ. Analysis of Outcomes after Total Knee Arthroplasty: Do all Databases Produce Similar Findings? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2018 Jan;476(1):52-63.
3. Owens JM, Callaghan JJ, Duchman KR, Bedard NA, Otero JE. Short-term Morbidity and Readmissions Increase With Skilled Nursing Facility Discharge After Total Joint Arthroplasty in a Medicare-Eligible and Skilled Nursing Facility-Eligible Patient Cohort. J Arthroplasty. 2018 May;33(5):1343-1347.
4. T. Fehring, K. Fehring, L. Anderson, J. Otero, B. Springer, Catastrophic Varus Collapse of the Tibia in Obese Total Knee Arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2017 May;32(5):1625-1629.
5. J. Joseph Gholson, Kyle Duchman, Jesse E. Otero, Nicholas Bedard, Andrew Pugely, John J. Callaghan. Computer Navigated Total Knee Arthroplasty: Rates of Adoption and Early Complications. J Arthroplasty. 2017 Jul;32(7):2113-2119.
6. Joseph Gholson J, Noiseux NO, Otero JE, Gao Y, Shah AS. Patient Factors Systematically Influence Hospital Length of Stay in Common Orthopaedic Procedures, Iowa Orthop J. 2017;37:233-237. PMID 28852363
7. Jesse E. Otero, Christopher M. Graves,Yubo Gao, Tyler S. Olson, Christopher C. Dickinson, Rhonda J. Chalus, David A. Vittetoe, Devon D. Goetz, John J. Callaghan. Patient-reported Allergies Predict Worse Outcomes after Hip and Knee Replacement: Results from a Prospective Cohort Study. The Journal of Arthroplasty. 2016 Dec;31(12):2746-2749.
8. Jesse E. Otero, J. Joseph Gholson, Andrew J. Pugely, John J. Callaghan. Length of hospitalization after joint arthroplasty: Does early discharge affect complications and readmission rates? The Journal of Arthroplasty. 2016 Dec;31(12):2714-2725.
9. Rory W. Metcalf, Michael C. Willey, Emily B. Petersen, Nicole A. D. Watson, Douglas C. Fredericks, Jesse E. Otero. Aminobisphosphonate Therapy Enhances Bone Healing in an Osteoporotic Mammalian Fracture Model. Accepted American Journal of Orthopaedics 2018
10. Jesse E. Otero, Christopher M. Graves, Matthew J. Bollier. Injuries in Collegiate Wrestlers at an Elite Division I NCAA Wrestling Program: An Epidemiological Study. Iowa Orthop J. 2017;37:65-70.
11. Gholson JJ, Noiseux NO, Otero JE, Shah AS. Patient Factors Systematically Influence Hospital Length of Stay in Common Orthopaedic Procedures. Orthop J. 2017;37:233-237.
12. Jesse E. Otero, Brian O Westerlind, Saran Tantavisut, Matthew D Karam, Phinit Phisitkul, Craig C Akoh, Yubo Gao, J Lawrence Marsh. There is poor reliability of Böhler's angle and the crucial angle of Gissane in assessing displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures. Foot and Ankle Surgery 2015 21(4): 277-281.
13. Akoh CC, Schick C, Otero J, Karam M.Fat embolism syndrome after femur fracture fixation: a case report. Iowa Orthop J. 2014;34:55-62.
14. Jesse E. Otero, MD PhD, Jeff W. Stevens, PhD, Allison E. Malandra, DVM, Douglas C. Fredericks, MS, Paul R. Odgren, PhD, Joseph A. Buckwalter, MS MD, Jose Morcuende, MD PhD. Osteoclasts inhibition impairs chondrosarcoma growth and bone destruction. Journal of Orthopaedic Research 2014. 32(12): 1562-1571.
15. Christopher M. Graves, MD, Jesse E. Otero, MD, PhD, Yubo Gao, PhD, Devon D. Goetz, MD, Melissa D. Willenborg, MD, John J. Callaghan, MD. Patient Reported Allergies Are a Risk Factor for Poor Outcomes in Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty. Journal of Arthroplasty 2014. Volume 29(9). pp147-149.
16. Otero JE, Graves CM, TeKippe A, Buckwalter JA, Miller BJ. Factors Affecting Outcomes in Patients Treated Surgically for Upper Extremity Tumors and Tumor-like Lesions. The Iowa Orthopaedic Journal. 2013. Volume 33; pp 119-129.
17. Suzanne L. Cassel, John R. Janczy, Xinyu Bing, Shruti P. Wilson, Alicia K. Olivier, Jesse E. Otero, Yoichiro Iwakura, Dmitry M. Shayakhmetov, Alexander G. Bassuk, Yousef Abu-Amer, Kim Alan Brogden, Trudy L. Burns, Fayyaz S. Sutterwala, Polly J. Ferguson. Inflammasome-independent IL-1β mediates autoinflammatory disease in Pstpip2-deficient mice. PNAS. 2014 Jan 21;111(3):1072-7.
18. Zhang YH, Otero JE, Abu-Amer Y. Ubiquitin-Like Domain of IKKβ Regulates Osteoclastogenesis and Osteolysis. Calcified Tissue International. July 2013, Volume 93, Issue 1, pp 78-85
19. Otero JE, Chen T, Zhang K, Abu-Amer Y. Constitutively Active canonical NF-κB induces severe bone loss in mice. PLoS One. 2012;7(6):e38694.
20. Morcuende J, Stevens J, Sheetz T, Bonaldo MdF, Casavant T, Otero JE, Soares MB. Swarm Rat Chondrosarcoma Cells as an in vivo Model: Lung colonization and Effects of Tissue Environment on Tumor Growth. The Iowa Orthopaedic Journal. 2012:32: 46-53.
21. Otero JE, Gottesman GS, McAlister WH, Mumm S, Madson KL, Whyte MP. Severe Skeletal Toxicity from Protracted Etidronate Therapy for Generalized Arterial Calcification of Infancy. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. February 2013; 28(2): 419-430.
22. Yang JS, Otero JE, McAndrew CM, Ricci WM, Gardner MJ. Can tibial nonunion be predicted at 3 months after intramedullary nailing? Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma. 2013 Nov;27(11):599-603.
23. Otero JE, Dai S, Alhawagri M, Darwech I, Abu-Amer Y. IKKβ Activation is Sufficient for RANK-Independent Osteoclast Differentiation and Osteolysis. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 2010 Jun;25(6):1282-94.
24. Otero J*, Darwech I*, Alhawagri M, Abu-Amer Y. Tyrosine Phosphorylation of IκB Kinase-beta (IKKβ) activation and function in osteoclastogenesis. J. Biol Chem. 2010 Aug 13;285(33):25522-30. *Co-First Authors
25. Otero JE, Dai S, Foglia D, Alhawagri M, Vacher J, Pasparakis M, Abu-Amer Y. Defective osteoclastogenesis by IKKbeta -null precursors is a result of RANKL-induced JNK-dependent apoptosis and impaired differentiation. J Biol Chem. 2008 Sep 5; 283(36): 24546-53.
26. Yamanaka Y, Abu-Amer W, Foglia D, Otero J,Clohisy JC, Abu-Amer Y. NFAT2 is an essential mediator of orthopedic particle-induced osteoclastogenesis. J Orthop Res. 2008 Jul 24. 2008 Dec; 26(12): 1577-84.
27. Darwech I, Otero J, Alhawagri M, Dai S, Abu-Amer Y. Impediment of NEMO oligomerization inhibits osteoclastogenesis and osteolysis. J Cellular Biochem 2009 Dec 15; 108(6):1337-45
28. Abu-Amer, Yousef; Darwech, Isra and Otero, Jesse (September 2007) Osteoporosis and Osteopetrosis. In: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester http://www.els.net/ [DOI: 10.1002/9780470015902.a0006017].
29. Abu-Amer Y, Darwech I, Otero J. Role of the NF-kappaB axis in immune modulation of osteoclasts and bone loss. Autoimmunity. 2008 Apr;41(3):204-11.

1. 30. Ulaner GA, Huang HY, Otero J, Zhao Z, Ben-Porat L, Satagopan JM, Gorlick R, Meyers P, Healey JH, Huvos AG, Hoffman AR, Ladanyi M. Absence of a telomere maintenance mechanism as a favorable prognostic factor in patients with osteosarcoma. Cancer research. 2003 Apr 15;63(8):1759-63.
2. 31. Ulaner GA, Hoffman AR, Otero J, Huang HY, Zhao Z, Mazumdar M, Gorlick R, Meyers P, Healey JH, Ladanyi M. Divergent patterns of telomere maintenance mechanisms among human sarcomas: sharply contrasting prevalence of the alternative lengthening of telomeres mechanism in Ewing's sarcomas and osteosarcomas. Genes, chromosomes & cancer. 2004 Oct;41(2):155-62
3. 32. Padmanabhan P, Otero J, Ray P, Paulmurugan R, Hoffman AR, Gambhir SS, Biswal S, Ulaner GA. Visualization of telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) promoter activity using a trimodality fusion reporter construct. Journal of nuclear medicine: official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine. 2006 Feb;47(2):270-7.